<p>Avery Street Historic District, is a national historic district located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It is to the east of the Julia-Ann Square Historic District and south of the Parkersburg High School-Washington Avenue Historic District. Primarily residential, it encompasses 109 acres and includes churches, a school, and a small commercial area. Built as Parkersburg&#39;s first "suburb" in the late-19th and early-20th century in popular architectural style such as Colonial Revival and Queen Anne, the district exhibits 12 distinctive types of Historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As Michael J. Pauley, historian, explains "The Avery Street Historic District District, Parkersburgs first "suburban" development, is highly significant for the historic role it played in sustaining the city as one of West Virginias leading cities, housing the families who were the "life-blood" of the citys growth and development, and is significant for reflecting the rich architectural legacy of this region. The decade of 1900-1910 was the real period of growth for the district. During this decade the "Avery Street Extension" as the area on Avery Street (8th Street to beyond 19th) was then called, took form as a real neighborhood; much of the built environment of todays district took place during this period."</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The National Register of Historic Places survey identified 12 distinctive historic architectural styles, with some sub-types, within the district. Michael J. Pauley notes "all of these styles were flourishing throughout the united states during the time period in which the district was developed. A strong thread of vernacularcism, however, runs through all of these styles, so that few distinctly "pure" examples of any of the historic architectural styles exist. Rather, the buildings within the Avery Street Historic District represent a creativity of ideas and tastes with often married elements of one style to the overall plan of a differing style or type."</p><br>
<p>The historic architectural styles found within the Avery Street Historic District are National Style, Gothic Revival Style, Italianate, Queen Anne, Romanesque, Folk Victorian, Classical Revival, Colonial Revival, Tudor/Jacobean Revival, Bungaloid-Craftsman-Prairie, International Style, and Victorian Eclectic.</p><br>
<p>Parkersburg High School–Washington Avenue Historic District, is a national historic district located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. The Parkersburg High School was built in 1917 north of the Avery Street Historic District in the Jacobethan Revival style. It was designed by Ohio architect Frank Packard .</p><br>
<p>It was listed to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Fort Boreman is a historic archaeological site encompassing a Civil War fortification located near Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It was built in 1863, by Company A of the 11th West Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment. It is a series of paired, approximately four foot deep trenches encircling the top of the hill in a zigzag pattern. It was originally built to ensure that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad link between Wheeling and Parkersburg was not severed or commandeered by the Confederate army. The fort was named after Arthur I. Boreman, West Virginia&#39;s first Governor.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Henderson Hall Historic District is a National Register of Historic Places -listed historic district in Boaz, Wood County, West Virginia. The primary contributing property is Henderson Hall, a home in the Italianate style from the first half of the 19th century. Other residences at the site are a tenant house from the end of the 19th century, and "Woodhaven", the 1877 home of Henry Clay Henderson. Additional structures include a smokehouse, two corn cribs, a carriage barn that also served as a schoolhouse, a scale house used for storing agricultural equipment, and two barns. Also included within the district are the 19th-century Henderson family cemetery, a wall, a mounting block, and three mounds associated with the pre-Columbian Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>Henderson Hall was a significant plantation before the American Civil War, and the farm&#39;s local significance lasted until about 1935. The Hendersons, who developed the farm, lived at the site until 1984, when cousin of the family Michael Rolston became the owner. On April 17, 1986, Henderson Hall was listed on the NRHP. Now used a museum, the home contains a sizable collection of historic items. Historically, the farm was associated with the name Pohick.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the late 1700s and early 1800s, the Henderson family was a major landowner in the area. Several members were influential farmers who helped incorporate what is now Wood County, West Virginia, in 1798. By the time of the 1826 marriage of George W. Henderson and Elizabeth Ann Tomlinson Henderson, the family controlled about 2,000 acres in Wood County alone, as well as more land in other parts of the region. Before the development of Henderson Hall itself in the late 1850s, the area was known as Pohick, a name which is believed to be of Native American origin. During the period before the American Civil War, George W. Henderson and three of his sons developed land in the bottomground along the Ohio River into a plantation and raised cash crops, cattle, and horses. The plantation used slave labor, and Salmon P. Chase made a legal defense of a man accused of aiding the escape of some of the Hendersons slaves. In addition to the sites historic use as a farm, prehistoric mounds at the site have been identified with the Adena culture.</p><br>
<p>Under the name Pohick, the site was listed as a stop on the Ohio River Railroad in 1899. While development at Henderson Hall continued until after the American Civil War, and Jock B. Henderson, son of George W. Henderson, ran the farm until the 1930s, the farm decreased in importance after 1935. A 1941 Federal Writers&#39; Project associated the name Pohick with the older portion of Henderson Hall, and stated that the farm was related to the "river village" of Hendersons, which had a population of 25. The last Henderson daughter, Lorna, died in 1984, and Michael Rolston, a graphic designer from New York City and a cousin of the Hendersons, moved into the home. Rolston held tours of the home on Christmas and weekends, and was able to have the site listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on April 17, 1986. The listing included 10 buildings on 65 acres. After Rolston died in 2007, ownership of the site passed to the Oil & Gas Museum in Parkersburg, West Virginia, to be developed into a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<h3>Contributing properties</h3><br>
<h4>Henderson Hall</h4><br>
<p>The key contributing property to the district is Henderson Hall. The oldest part of the building is a brick structure built in 1836. This structure was enlarged between 1856 and 1859 to produce Henderson Hall. Built in the Italianate style, the 1850s portion of the structure was designed by J. M. Slocomb and constructed with brick, stone, and timber sourced from the farm. Significant features of the architectural style include deep overhanging eaves decorated with bracketwork, hoodmould decoration around windows, balustrades and stone columns associated with the porch, and a belvedere in the center of the roof. The newer portion of the house incorporates paired windows in three bays. The home&#39;s rooms add up to 8,000 ft&sup2; of space. The home contains sizable collections of historic items, including material from the 1860 United States presidential election, a wedding dress from 1802, and a piano from 1873.</p><br>
<p>The 1836 portion of the structure is two stories tall and has a gabled roof. A water table is included as part of the foundation of the newer addition, which is three stories tall. Both the main structure and the belvedere for the 1850s addition have hipped roofs. When the district was nominated for inclusion on the NRHP in 1986, it was noted that the interior structure of Henderson Hall had seen few alterations aside from the addition of gas and electricity. A 2003 newspaper report noted that the house&#39;s parlor still had the original wallpaper intact. On the exterior, gutter leaks had led to water damage and rot, and the older portion of the structure was afflicted with rising damp.</p><br>
<h4>Other contributing properties</h4><br>
<p>A number of other structures within the district are designated as contributing properties. A one-story log smokehouse has a gabled roof and dates to about 1836; it was listed as being in fair condition at the time of the NRHP application. What is believed to be one of the oldest extant schools in West Virginia is also on the property. The building was constructed in around 1860 and also functioned as a carriage barn. Original benches and school supplies were still preserved in the schoolhouse. Multiple agricultural buildings are classified as contributing properties, including two corncribs, a scale house, and two barns. Of the two corncribs, one dates to 1836 and suffered a roof collapse, while the other is from 1856 and was in better condition at the time of the NRHP nomination. The scale house stored equipment and dates to about 1856, while the two barns were from approximately 1850 and 1895. Both barns were in poor condition in 1986.</p><br>
<p>In addition, two other residences are included as contributing properties; both date to the late 19th century. The first is a one-and-a-half story farmhouse used to house tenant farmers. The tenant house dates from the period between 1895 and 1900 and has a slate roof. The other is "Woodhaven" house, which was built by Henry Clay Henderson around 1877. Woodhaven is two stories tall, with an L-shaped floor plan and gabled roofs. First built for the Henry Clay Henderson family, it later housed the George Travis Henderson family. Several non-residence features are also classified as contributing properties. The Henderson Cemetery dates from the early 1800s and contains interments from both the Henderson and Tomlinson families. A stone wall from the mid-1800s constructed of locally sourced stone and divides the complex of buildings from the farmland along the Ohio River. To the east of Henderson Hall is a sandstone mounting block, which was used to make mounting horses easier. Also contributing to the district are three mounds from the Adena culture. Mound A is the largest and is located southwest of Henderson Hall. Mounds B and C are smaller and are located east of Mound A and north of Henderson Hall, respectively.</p><br>
<h3>Noncontributing properties</h3><br>
<p>The railroad line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad passes through part of the historic district in the farmland near the Ohio River. The railroads right-of-way also passes through the district. The railroad and right of way are not part of the districts historic significance. The NRHP nomination form describes the railroad as being inobtrusive to the site.</p><br>
<p>The Taylorstown Historic District comprises the historic core of Taylorstown, Virginia. The community and the historic district are centered on the Taylorstown Mill, a two-story stone structure on the banks of Catoctin Creek. Up the hill from the mill is Hunting Hill, a house built in 1737 for the mills owner. The district also includes a store built in 1800, adjoined by the 1904 Manns Store, with the 1900 Mann house across the street.</p><br>
<p>The town center was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 30, 1978. The district was expanded on May 26, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Beverly Historic District is a national historic district located at Beverly, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 51 contributing buildings that reflect the history of Beverly from its founding to the end of the 19th century. Notable buildings include the Randolph County Courthouse , old Randolph County Jail , Randolph County Jail , Beverly Public Square , Beverly Cemetery , Beverly Presbyterian Church , Beverly United Methodist Church , Home of "The Enterprise" , and the Peter Buckey House and Hotel . Also located in the district is the separately listed Blackman-Bosworth Store.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and increased in size in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Butcher Hill Historic District is a national historic district located near Beverly, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses one contributing building, one contributing site, and one contributing structure. It consists of the "Butcher Hill" home, a V-shaped trench from the American Civil War in front of the house at the edge of a drop, and the Butcher Cemetery. The house is a two-story frame dwelling, with a hipped roof and rounded turrets in the Queen Anne style. The property was the site of a major Federal encampment, entrenchment and artillery placement during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Tygart Valley Homesteads Historic District is a national historic district located near Dailey, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 337 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and three contributing structures, associated with a resettlement community established during the Great Depression by the Roosevelt administration. It was the largest of the three resettlement communities in West Virginia, the others being Arthurdale and Eleanor. The first dwellings were constructed in 1934, and the Civilian Conservation Corps built the public water system, draining systems, and culverts. The houses have modest Colonial Revival architecture details and have either a side gable or gambrel roof, referred to as either an "A-Frame" or "Barn House." Other notable buildings include the Dailey Community Center , gas station , The Homestead School , The East Dailey Bridge , Community Farm, The Warehouse , The Woodworking Shop , and The Weaving Shop .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Battery White was an artillery battery constructed by the Confederates during the American Civil War. Built in 1862–63 to defend Winyah Bay on the South Carolina coast, the battery was strongly situated and constructed; however, it was inadequately manned, and was captured without resistance during the final months of the war.</p><br>
<p>The battery is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. It is located on private land, but is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Island fortifications</h2><br>
<p>Even before the outbreak of the Civil War, the secessionist government of South Carolina was concerned with the possibility of attack by sea in Georgetown County. Shortly after the December 20, 1860, passage of the Ordinance of Secession, an aide-de-camp to governor Francis Pickens urged Lowcountry planters to "aid in the erection of Batteries to protect and defend the entrance of Winyah Bay and the Santee River".</p><br>
<p>The area offered a tempting target to Union forces. Winyah Bay would furnish a sheltered anchorage large enough for the entire United States Navy of 1861. The city of Georgetown on the bay was the largest on the South Carolina coast north of Charleston. Georgetown County produced nearly half of the rice grown in the United States, amounting to some 54 million pounds (54,000,000 lb) in 1860; Georgetown exported more rice than any other port in the world. This production and shipping could be disrupted by gunboats moving up the Black, the Pee Dee, the Waccamaw, and the Sampit rivers, which flow into the bay; and the two distributary channels of the Santee River, whose mouths lie just below the bay. Curtailing rice production would not only damage the local economy, but would impair the Confederacy&#39;s ability to feed its armies.</p><br>
<p>In May 1861, General P. G. T. Beauregard ordered the development of coastal defenses for South Carolina, including batteries situated on three islands flanking the mouth of Winyah Bay: North Island, South Island, and Cat Island. The Federal capture of Port Royal in November 1861 lent urgency to the construction and improvement of these works, which was done under Robert E. Lee, the newly appointed commander of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida, with Colonel Arthur Middleton Manigault in charge of the district that included Georgetown and Horry counties.</p><br>
<p>The island fortifications were never tested against a major Union attack. However, they served a useful purpose in dealing with grounded ships, both Confederate and Federal; in protecting the entrance to the bay; and in maintaining Confederate possession of the islands.</p><br>
<h2>Withdrawal</h2><br>
<p>Matters changed in early 1862. In March of that year, Lee was recalled to Richmond as military advisor to President Jefferson Davis. He was replaced by General John C. Pemberton, who ordered the withdrawal of troops and artillery from the positions around Georgetown, apparently in order to concentrate his limited manpower on shorter defensive lines.</p><br>
<p>Union naval forces were quick to take advantage of this new vulnerability. In May 1862, the gunboats and noted that the island forts were unoccupied. They landed troops to occupy North Island, which became the principal local Union base for much of the war; and they destroyed the fortifications on South and Cat Islands. They also sailed some 10 mi up the Waccamaw River, where they raided a mill and carried off 80 slaves. Settled on North Island, these freed slaves formed the nucleus of a colony of "contrabands" that grew to more than a thousand before being removed to Port Royal for fear of Confederate raids leading to their recapture or massacre.</p><br>
<p>The Federal forces made no attempt to seize territory up the rivers, and their expeditions were limited by the draft of their vessels. Nevertheless, they conducted a number of raids in which they damaged facilities, seized rice, and released slaves; and these raids severely disrupted the region&#39;s economy. Rice production in particular suffered, since it depended on a labor force of skilled slaves performing carefully timed tasks.</p><br>
<p>Pemberton still refused to move artillery and men to the Georgetown area, maintaining that all of his resources were necessary for the protection of Charleston. However, his superiors ordered him to construct new fortifications at Winyah Bay. Since the Union now controlled the islands, it was necessary to find sites further up the bay. On August 3, 1862, Pemberton visited the area and selected Mayrants Bluff and Fraziers Point as the sites for the new batteries.</p><br>
<h2>Battery White</h2><br>
<p>Later in August 1862, Pemberton was promoted to lieutenant general and sent to the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana, where he would eventually surrender Vicksburg. He was replaced in the Department of South Carolina and Georgia by Beauregard, who assumed command on September 24, 1862. The new commander supported the fortification of Winyah Bay: on October 8, 1862, he assured Governor Pickens that he had ordered the construction of a battery of five or six pieces of artillery at Mayrant&#39;s Bluff; on November 10, he wrote Colonel James Chesnut, Jr. that the battery was "armed and completed", and that he had sent a new regiment of the State Reserves to General James H. Trapier, in command of the Georgetown District.</p><br>
<p>Trapier was less than pleased with the troops and artillery that he had been given. The new regiment, he noted, arrived at the battery without arms and ammunition; and as Reserves, would only be in service for 90 days, not enough time to make effective soldiers of them even had they been armed. He had also been given fairly light guns; what he wanted was Columbiads, suitable for defending the battery and the bay against incursions by ironclads.</p><br>
<p>Despite the paucity of men and weaponry, the new battery proved effective. On November 11, 1862, two Union gunboats entered Winyah Bay and began firing on the Mayrant&#39;s Bluff works. The Second South Carolina Artillery, which had set up nine guns in the fortification, responded; and within a few minutes, the Federal vessels were forced to retire.</p><br>
<p>In February 1863, Trapier reported that the Mayrant&#39;s Bluff fortification, now named Battery White, was occupied by only 53 men and nine guns. Even this small force sufficed to stop Federal incursions up the rivers of Winyah Bay. However, rice production in the Georgetown area did not recover: the raids had destroyed too much of the physical plant, carried off too many of the slaves, and created too much uncertainty for planters to return to anything near full production.</p><br>
<p>The battery continued to lose manpower, despite Trapier&#39;s ongoing calls for more troops and guns. In October 1864, a body of eleven deserters from the Confederate German Artillery reached the gunboat; they reported that there was great discontent among the troops, and that many would desert were they not so strongly guarded. They also reported that there were ten guns at the battery; the captain of Potomska concluded that the bay was too well defended for him to render aid to prospective deserters.</p><br>
<h2>Capture</h2><br>
<p>In November 1864, Trapier was ordered to bring most of his forces to Mount Pleasant, just north of Charleston. Only a company of the German Artillery was left to defend the Georgetown district. By the end of January 1865, only a small crew commanded by a lieutenant remained at Battery White.</p><br>
<p>In January and early February 1865, Union forces under General William Tecumseh Sherman moved northward from Georgia into South Carolina. On February 2 and 3, they defeated a Confederate force in the Battle of Rivers&#39; Bridge, clearing their pathway into the state. After a feint at Charleston, they marched to Columbia, which they entered on February 17; on the same day, Charleston was evacuated, and on the 18th, it was surrendered.</p><br>
<p>From Charleston, Union naval forces under Admiral John A. Dahlgren moved up the coast to Georgetown, which Dahlgren thought might be a useful point of communication with Sherman&#39;s land forces. On February 23, deserters told the captain of the gunboat that Battery White had been or would soon be evacuated. Mingoe fired four rounds into the battery. When no response was made, a party was sent ashore; they found the battery abandoned and its guns spiked. The sloop-of-war and the gunboat continued up the bay and landed a party of Marines to take possession of Georgetown; the intendant and wardens of the city formally surrendered it on February 25.</p><br>
<p>Soon thereafter, Dahlgren inspected the battery, and was impressed. The fortification, he wrote, was well situated and designed, laid out to defend against both shipborne bombardment and attack by landing parties. Eleven guns bore on the channel: two 10 in Columbiads, three banded rifled 32-pounders, four smoothbore 24-pounders, and two banded rifled 12-pounders. A 6-pound smoothbore flanked the ditch. The rear was defended by a "formidable" rampart and ditch, with a 24-pound smoothbore at either end; in the fort were numerous traverses and magazines. The approach along the beach to the battery&#39;s right flank was covered by a 24-pound and a 12-pound smoothbore. "If the works had been sufficiently manned", wrote Dahlgren, "it would have required good troops to take the work."</p><br>
<h3>Sinking of USS Harvest Moon</h3><br>
<p>By the fall of 1864, the Union fleet had effectively closed Winyah Bay to blockade runners. Accordingly, the Confederate command had elected to lay mines, at the time known as "torpedoes", in the bay. Eighteen mines had been constructed in Georgetown by Captain Thomas West Daggett and Stephen W. Rouquie and placed strategically in the bay.</p><br>
<p>As early as January 1865, Union sympathizers in Georgetown had warned Dahlgrens forces about the existence of mines in the channel. While approaching Battery White, Mingoe had sent its boats out to sweep for such devices. However, their efforts may have been perfunctory: according to Dahlgrens report, "...so much has been said in ridicule of torpedoes that very little precautions are deemed necessary, and if resorted to are probably taken with less care than if due weight was attached to the existence of these mischievous things."</p><br>
<p>On the morning of March 1, 1865, Dahlgrens flagship, the side-wheel steamer, sailed from Georgetown toward Battery White, which Dahlgren intended to inspect. En route, the vessel struck one of Daggett and Rouquies mines, which blew a large hole in it, killing one sailor; the boat quickly sank in two and a half fathoms of water.</p><br>
<h2>Battery White postbellum</h2><br>
<p>For over a century after the Civil War, the grounds on which Battery White stood were part of the Belle Isle Plantation. During the late 19th century, extensive landscaping was undertaken on the plantation. The United Daughters of the Confederacy erected a memorial stone on the site in 1929. In about 1946, the plantation gardens, including the battery, were opened to the public, and remained thus until 1974.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, the plantation was developed as a condominium complex. Portions of the 100 acre complex of fortifications were lost to construction. However, the owners elected to preserve Battery White itself. In 1977, a 3 acre area encompassing the battery was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008, the site was re-opened to the public.</p><br>
<p>The battery&#39;s earthworks are for the most part well preserved. The powder magazines have deteriorated, owing to collapse of the earth mounds following decay of their wooden interior shoring. The two Columbiads have been re-mounted and once again point out over Winyah Bay.</p><br>
<p>Three of the battery&#39;s guns have been placed in Georgetown. A 24-pound gun has been mounted in front of the National Guard Armory, and two cannon are displayed in Constitution Park on the Georgetown waterfront.</p><br>
<p>Harvest Moon was never salvaged, and has gradually sunk deeper into the mud of the bay. In the mid-1960s, the top deck lay under an estimated six feet (6 ft) of mud. A Georgetown group attempted to salvage and restore the vessel as a tourist attraction, and in 1964 the USA Navy formally abandoned it, rendering it eligible for private salvage; but the attempt failed for lack of funds. As of 2011, the ship&#39;s boiler stack was still visible at low tide.</p><br>
<p>Helvetia Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Helvetia, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 26 contributing buildings in the village center. Some of the buildings date to the original settlement period in 1869–1870, when they were built of log construction. Later 19th-century and early-20th century buildings are of frame construction, with a number in the Carpenter Gothic style. Notable buildings include The Church , Huber Inn , Post Office and Store / house , the log Swiss Museum , Star Band Hall, Cheese Haus, an original cabin , Helvetia Community Hall , and Rudolph&#39;s Carpenter Shop.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Riverside School is a historic school building located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia, United States. It was built between 1902 and 1905, as a one-story, rectangular red brick structure, measuring 56 feet, 6 inches, by 34 feet. A second story was added in 1928, when it became a four-year high school. It has a hipped roof and a sandstone foundation. It was originally built as a school for African American students, and remained so until the 1954 desegregation order and the school was closed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>West Virginia Childrens Home is a national historic district located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses two contributing buildings and two contributing structures. The original Childrens Home building was built in 1909, with a main section and rear ell in the Colonial Revival style. An upper story to the ell was added by 1918, and an addition was built in 1935. The front facade features a portico with Corinthian order columns. The other contributing building is a two-story residence built in 1920. The contributing structures are the swimming pool  and a brick storage cellar. It served as the statewide institution for the housing and placement of orphaned, neglected, and dependent children from 1911 until 1977. It was subsequently occupied by a residential treatment facility for disturbed teenagers.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Wees Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 282 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 1 contributing object in a primarily residential section of Elkins. The district includes houses representative of popular architectural styles between about 1890 and 1955. The district also includes a variety of domestic dependencies, several historic churches, the 7.9-acre City Park, a Works Progress Administration-era public building, and a small number of commercial buildings. Also in the district is a bronze equestrian statue of Henry Gassaway Davis. Located in the district are the previously listed Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, Randolph County Courthouse and Jail, and the Warfield-Dye Residence.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Elkins Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia. It encompasses 65 contributing buildings in the central business district of Elkins. It includes mostly commercial buildings constructed in the late-19th and early-20th century. Notable buildings include the Dann Building , Randolph Company , Randolph Hotel , Wallace Bakery , railroad depot , Ward Building , First United Methodist Church , Hotel Delmonte , Darden Block , Brown Building , Stalnaker Block , and Post Office and Federal Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>West Martinsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It encompasses 138 contributing buildings constructed between about 1900 and 1956. It is primarily residential and many of the earlier houses in the district represent the “small house” movement of the 1920s and 1930s. The houses reflect popular architectural styles from the first half of the 20th century including the Bungalow, American Craftsman, American Foursquare, and Colonial Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>West Union Residential Historic District is a national historic district located at West Union, Doddridge County, West Virginia. It encompasses 85 contributing residential buildings, built between about 1858 and 1940. They are representative of popular architectural styles from the late-19th century and early-20th century including Colonial Revival and Queen Anne. Notable non-residential buildings include the West Union Baptist Church, Emmanuel United Methodist Church, and Doddridge County High School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Wahrenberger House is located two blocks from the Texas Capitol, at 208 W. 14th Street, in Austin, Travis County, in the USA state of Texas. The home was built between 1867 and 1868 by Friedrich Huster and sold to Charles Klein after completion. The house is named for Klein&#39;s daughter Caroline Wahrenberger, who was deeded the house in 1882. Since it was built, the house has served as a residence for several generations of the Klein–Wahrenberger family, and was the location for two German–American schools. At different times, both Pat Morris Neff and Sam Rayburn lived in the residence when Mrs. Wahrenberger ran it as a boarding house. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas in 1978, and was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Originally a two-story limestone residence when it was built in 1867–68, this house erected by Friedrich Huster has undergone a few changes. Both the main unit, as well as its separate one-story kitchen facility, were topped with a gabled roof. When Charles Klein acquired the residence, he added a second story and a one-story front porch. In 1916, a two–story gallery that had been added in 1887, was removed in favor of a two–story portico with columns. Later changes covered the limestone walls with stucco, in all but the north section of the house. 1946 was the last year the house served as a private residence.</p><br>
<h2>Leased property</h2><br>
<p>Klein, and later his daughter, operated the house as a lease property. The German–American Ladies College was operated in the house 1874–1879, under the management of Natalie von Schenck and Alice Nohl.</p><br>
<p>In 1880, Klein leased the premises to Jacob Bickler, founder of the Texas German and English Academy. Bicker was the nephew of educator Philip Bickler who ran the Bickler German–English Academy in Austin. Jacob Bickler began the Texas German and English Academy in 1876, and in 1880 began operating the academy out of the Wahrenberger House. He later moved the academy to the larger Texas Military Institute Castle in Austin, but Bickler himself retained the lease on the house until 1886. On November 9, 1881, the old Texas Capitol was destroyed by fire. Due to their close proximity to the capitol building, Bickler and his students responded to the fire by rescuing many of the historical records housed in the Capitol.</p><br>
<p>Bickler was still leasing the property in 1882 when Klein deeded it over to his daughter Caroline Wahrenberger. Her husband, local businessman John Wahrenberger, died in 1864, leaving Caroline with four children to support. After the Bickler lease ended, Wahrenberger lived in the residence and ran it as a boarding house. Notable among the boarders were future Texas governor Pat Morris Neff and future Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Sam Rayburn. At the time, Rayburn was a student at the University of Texas Law School. After Caroline Wahrenberger died in 1916, her daughters Mary and Josephine inherited the property. They, in turn, passed the property to their heirs. In 1946, the house became a business property.</p><br>
<p>Fayetteville Historic District is a national historic district located at Fayetteville, Fayette County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 126 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, and 3 contributing structures. It includes the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Fayetteville. Notable buildings include Jack&#39;s Garage , Theatre Building , Fayette County Jail , McClung House , Old Methodist Church , Old Post Office , Bank of Fayette-Town Hall , USA Post Office , and the War Memorial Building . Also in the district is the site of Fort Toland, site of Fort Scammon and the Old Fayetteville Cemetery. The district includes the separately listed Fayette County Courthouse, E. B. Hawkins House, and Altamont Hotel.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Institute Farm, also known as the Loudoun Agricultural and Mechanical Institute, was the first agricultural school in Virginia and one of the earliest institutions devoted to agronomy in the United States. Located near Aldie, Virginia, the school was established as the Loudoun County Agricultural Institute and Chemical Academy around 1854 on a former portion of USA President James Monroe&#39;s Oak Hill plantation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The institute was established by Benjamin Hyde Benton, Harmon Bitzer and James Gulick, who were active in the Agricultural Society of Loudoun, on land belonging to Gulicks family. The school lasted for only six years, suffering from the Panic of 1857 and failing in 1860. Gulick put the property up for sale, but with the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, was unable to sell. Gulickjoined the Confederate Army and was killed in 1864 at the Battle of Upperville. The property was by his estate to a neighbor, Isabella Turner. Turners estate sold the property to the Institute Corporation in 1916, whereupon the property became the headquarters for the National Beagle Club of America, which retains the property.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The main house is a -story stuccoed stone building. The large plain building is six bays wide with a partly sunken basement. The main entrance is through a small porch offset to the right to the first floor, replacing the original entrance, which was on the opposite side facing a tiered garden. The interior remains largely as it was when the property was a school, with a central hallway on each level running the length of the building. The second floor and attic levels are partitioned into smaller rooms originally used as dormitories. The property also features 13 log cabins built between 1917 and 1971, used by the club during beagle shows and trials for lodging.</p><br>
<p>The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 8, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Middleburg Historic District comprises the historic center of Middleburg, Virginia. The district extends along the downtown section of Washington Street, and is flanked on the east by Independence Street and to the west by Constitution Street. The district&#39;s commercial area is along Washington and Madison Streets. Middleburg was established in 1787, but the historic district includes a few 18th-century structures, with most dating to the mid-19th century. The district includes the Red Fox Inn & Tavern, the oldest building in town and listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places. Most of the structures in the core of the district are Federal style townhouses.</p><br>
<p>The most notable house in the district is "Chestnut Hill", also known as "The Hill," a large Federal-style house sitting apart surrounded by lawns. The district also features four churches. Little development took place in Middleburg in the late 19th century, and the district includes no examples of Victorian architecture. The district does include a few early 20th-century commercial structures.</p><br>
<p>The Middleburg Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The McElwain House is an historic house at 11 West Presque Isle Road in Caribou, Maine. Built in 1916-17 by a prosperous farmer, it is a fine local example of Colonial Revival architecture and a reminder of a period of prosperity in Aroostook County. It is home to the Northern Maine Development Commission; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1982, and delisted in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The McElwain House is located at the northwest corner of Main Street and West Presque Isle Road, in a rural setting on the south side of Caribou. It is a large 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a truncated hip roof topped by a widows walk. It is finished in clapboard siding, and has an ell extending to the rear that joins it to a carriage house. The east-facing front has a broad single-story porch, supported by paired square posts, extending across the front and along the south side, ending in a porte-cochere. A large hooded dormer pierces the front roof-line, with a similarly-styled dormer to the south. Most of the windows in the house are diamond-paned, either casement or sash windows. Its interiors are richly crafted, with Tiffany glass in the cabinets, and handcrafted stone fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1916-17 by John McElwain, one of the countys most successful and prosperous farmers, and included all sorts of amenities more typical for Maines even more elaborate coastal summer houses. The McElwains were a significant social force in the area, hosting parties and other events at the house. Their fortunes declined with the advent of the Great Depression, and they converted the grand ballroom to guest rooms to make ends meet. Since 1973 the house has been used as the headquarters of the Northern Maine Development Commission, which has carefully maintained its interior and exterior.</p><br>
<p>The James C Purnell House is at 504 Summit Street in Winona, Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1873 by Major Frank Hawkins, a prominent business man and builder. The architecture is a combination of Greek revival and Italianate. Upon his death in 1896 the home fell to his daughter Mamie and her husband James C Purnell. Mr Purnell was an important figure in early Winona. He was a businessman, philanthropist, city official and builder of Winona&#39;s first public school. The home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The John M. and Lottie D. Moore House is at 406 S. Fifth Street, in Richmond, Texas, United States. It is currently part of the Fort Bend Museum complex. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fort Bend County, Texas in 2001, and became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1962.</p><br>
<h2>John and Lottie house</h2><br>
<p>The home was built by John Matthew Moore (1862–1940) and his wife Lottie Dyer Moore (1865–1924) in 1883, the year they married. John Moore served in both the Texas House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives. Lottie&#39;s father J. Foster Dyer, who died a year before the wedding, was a wealthy rancher in Fort Bend County. Her maternal grandmother Nancy Gray Spencer Barnett was among the original colonists who came to Texas with Stephen F. Austin. In 1824, Austin granted Barnett land in Fort Bend County. Lottie inherited acreage from the original grant her grandmother received. From her grandfather Thomas Barnett, Lottie inherited the cattle on the ranch.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed in 1883 by Thomas Culshaw, as a four-bedroom, two-story Victorian mansion with a center tower and cupola. The First Baptist Church of Richmond was founded in the Moore house, which served as its original meeting location. In 1889, the church moved to its own building. C.H. Page and Brothers of Austin designed the 1905 Classical Revival remodel of the house and connecting property. It was during this remodel that the heating system of the house was converted to seven coal-burning fireplaces. The front facade was remodeled in the Classic Revival porch and columns which now exist on the house. Interior improvements included new hardwood flooring, room expansions, front entry stairway, and a dining room remodel. The grape arbor and gazebo were constructed during this period.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The house was passed down through successive heirs until 1975, when the last family member died. The house and property was then deeded over to the Fort Bend History Association (formerly the Fort Bend County Museum Association) and is currently a part of the Fort Bend Museum complex. The association has upgraded the home to bring it up to code in accordance with state and local requirements.</p><br>
<p>The Amazeen House is an historic house at 15 Weeks Street in Houlton, Maine, United States. This imposing -story Italianate house was built c. 1882 as a speculative venture, probably intended for use as a hotel, based on the projected route of the New Brunswick Railway. It is one of Houlton&#39;s most impressive 19th-century houses, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in September 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Amazeen House is located in a residential area near Houlton&#39;s central business district, surrounded by early 20th-century houses. It is a -story wood-frame structure with a steeply-pitched gable roof. The main facade, facing north, is three bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by two-story polygonal window bays. The wall of this facade is flushboarded, while other facades are finished in clapboards and novelty siding. The front is covered by a three-story porch, with square posts and balustrade. A second porch, just one story in height covers part of the rear and features Italianate brackets; part of this porch has been enclosed. A large -story carriage barn is connected to the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1882 as a speculative venture by Stephen D. Amazeen, in the anticipation that the New Brunswick Railway might extend service in the direction of its location, and locate a station and junction there. This extension was never built, and the building has always seen residential use, first as a home for the Amazeens, and later as multi-unit housing.</p><br>
<p>The Edward L. Cleveland House is an historic house at 87 Court Street in Houlton, Maine. A distinctive local example of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival architecture, it was built in 1902 by Edward L. Cleveland, one of Aroostook County&#39;s largest dealers in potatoes, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cleveland House is a -story wood-frame structure, set on a brick foundation on a large grassy lot at the corner of Court and Columbia Streets. It has the asymmetrical massing typical of Queen Anne Victorians, with a conical turret at the southeast corner, and a porch that wraps around the east and north sides. Stylistically the porch is more Colonial Revival in character, with grouped Ionic columns supporting a roof that extends to a gable end at the north. The main (east-facing) facade is three bays wide, with the turret occupying the left bay, and the entrance at the center, with a projecting enclosed porch above that has a segmented-arch roof line and a pair of round-arch windows. The interior of the house features high quality period woodwork.</p><br>
<p>Edward L. Cleveland was born in Camden, Maine, and first operated a merchant business based in Boston, Massachusetts. C. 1878 he moved to Houlton, where he established a potato shipping firm that rapidly became one of the largest in Aroostook County, whose economy was then dominated by that crop. By 1908 Cleveland had warehouse capacity for 500,000 bushels, and was shipping potatoes throughout the eastern United States. He was also politically active, serving in the state legislature.</p><br>
<p>In 1902 the center of Houlton was devastated by a large fire, which consumed not only much of its business district but some of the surrounding residential areas as well. Cleveland&#39;s house was among those lost in the fire, and he soon afterward acquired the land to build the present house. The architect is not known. It remained his home until his death in 1939. It was sold out of the family by his daughter in 1960.</p><br>
<p>Walter P. Mansur House is an historic house at 10 Water Street in Houlton, Maine. Built in 1880, it is the most architecturally sophisticated Second Empire building in northern Maine. It was built for Walter P. Mansur, a prominent local businessman and banker. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in February 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Mansur House is set on the west side of Water Street, just north of Houlton&#39;s central business district, Market Square. It is a rambling -story wood-frame structure with a rectangular main block and a -story rear ell that joins it to a carriage house. The main facade is three bays wide, with the left bay projecting forward and the right bays sheltered by a single-story porch supported by turned columns. The left bay corners are quoined on the first floor (as is the corner at the far right of the facade), with two stories of polygonal bay windows rising to the mansard roof. The first floor bay window has a bracketed cornice, a more elaborate version of cornices that top windows on the first floor left facade. The entire roof line is studded with double brackets. The projecting section is topped by a pyramidal roof formation above the mansard. The entire main block is finished in flushboarding.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1880 for Walter P. Mansur, who was in 1881 named president of the First National Bank of Houlton, and also served as president of the local water company. Mansur lived here until his death in 1900, and his widow sold the property in 1911 to the Roman Catholic parish of St. Marys. At the time of the propertys listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, it was used by the parish as a school and convent. As of 2015, it is occupied by the Bowers Funeral Home.</p><br>
<p>The Goose Creek Historic District is a rural landscape in the Goose Creek valley of Loudoun County, Virginia. The district covers about 10,000 acre south of Hamilton and Purcellville and includes the village of Lincoln. The majority of the district is farmland, with areas of forest along Hogback Mountain. The area was settled by Quakers in the mid-18th century, represented by simple houses and the Goose Creek Meetinghouse Complex in Lincoln, separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places. About 270 buildings lie within the district. The district includes 44 stone buildings, reflecting the popularity of this material in the 18th and 19th centuries in this area. Many houses have outbuildings and barns built in a manner complementary to the dwellings. By the mid-19th century, materials turned to brick, with the Glebe of Shelburne Parish an NRHP-listed example of a brick Federal style house, as well as the Israel Janney House.</p><br>
<p>The Goose Creek Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 14, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Goose Creek Stone Bridge crosses Goose Creek in Loudoun County, Virginia. The 200 ft long stone arch bridge spans the creek in four arches. Built about 1810, it is the largest stone turnpike bridge in northern Virginia, designed to carry the Ashby&#39;s Gap Turnpike across the creek. The turnpike was replaced by USA Route 50, which crosses the creek a short distance to the south. The bridge is no longer used for vehicular traffic. The bridge was a center of fighting in the American Civil War on June 21, 1863, during the Battle of Upperville.</p><br>
<p>The Goose Creek Bridge was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Burchfield Homestead was the boyhood home of Charles E. Burchfield. It is located in Salem, Ohio, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Charles Burchfield was noted for his paintings of scenes in and around this home. Art historian Henry Adams, curator of American Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art, called the house "a building of extraordinary significance."</p><br>
<h2>Charles E. Burchfield</h2><br>
<p>Charles Burchfield grew up in Salem, Ohio, and is considered one of America&#39;s premier watercolorists. He moved to upstate New York where his career and reputation as an artist flourished. The neighborhood and home in Salem where he was raised have not significantly changed since Burchfield lived there. The inspiration for many of his works were the scenes visible from the windows of the home.</p><br>
<h2>Burchfield Homestead Museum</h2><br>
<p>In August 1999, the Burchfield Museum opened after years of fund-raising and construction to restore Burchfield&#39;s home.</p><br>
<p>The Burchfield Museum was placed on the National Register of Historical Places in April 1999.</p><br>
<p>Waverly is a mansion in Leesburg, Virginia that was built for Robert Townley Hempstone  about 1890. The turreted frame house combines the Queen Anne style with elements of Colonial Revival architecture. Hempstone, a Baltimore businessman, retired to the property that was then on the southern outskirts of Leesburg. The house was built by John Norris and Sons, who were responsible for many prominent houses, churches and commercial structures in Leesburg. Norris son, Lemuel Watson Norris, became an architect in Washington, D.C. and designed projects for his fathers firm.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Described as "opulent," the -story house is arranged with a square main section to the front, with a rear service wing. The front, on the west side of the house, is sheltered by a full-width single-story porch that wraps partway around the north and south sides. The main entry is a pair of doors with a fanlight transom. The interior features a center hall plan with a monumental stair offset to one side. The stair features a stained glass Palladian window on the landing between the first and second floors. The expansive central hall is flanked by drawing rooms, a dining room, and a smaller parlor. The rear wing houses service areas with servant quarters on the second floor. The main house is isolated from the servants&#39; quarters on the second floor. A turret on the attic level is the only finished room on the third floor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hempstone died in 1913. After several owners, the house became a restaurant in the 1950s, then a private school in the 1970s. The house was restored in the 1980s. Following a fire, Waverly was again restored in 1995 and is the main feature of an office center. Waverly is itself used for offices.</p><br>
<p>The Clark–Taylor House is a historic building located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It has also been known as the T. N. Taylor Home. One of the oldest pioneer buildings in the state, the Clark–Taylor House was built around 1854. Thomas N. Taylor, a Provo Mayor, LDS bishop, and stake president, along with being a chairman of the board of trustees of BYU, lived in this home. The Clark–Taylor House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on March 7, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>Still sturdy, the Clark–Taylor House is “Built in two sections, the two-story western section is a rectangular, gabled roof, single depth, 2/2 “I-form” structure. The eastern section has one story with a large attic. It is situated laterally with respect to the western section and has a broad gabled end (Hinckley/ Roberts p. 2).” The Clark–Taylor House is one of the rare examples of a home still in reasonably good condition marking the time of the arrival of the pioneers coming to Provo in 1847.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first mentioning of the Clark–Taylor House is found in a consecration deed by Edward W. Clark to Brigham Young on July 24, 1855. The deed gives up ownership to the property to the church. Built just after the pioneers settled in Provo, the Clark home is one of the oldest pioneer structures in the state of Utah. Edward Clark relocated from England to Provo in the year 1852. An influential man, Clark eventually became bishop of the Provo Third Ward, a war veteran, and director of the Utah County branch of the Agricultural and Manufacturing Company.</p><br>
<p>After Clark the home passed to John H. Carter, an alderman and a blacksmith who had served as Clark&#39;s counselor in his capacity as a bishop for the LDS Church. In the 1870s, after adding a second story to the home in 1863, Carter relinquished the home to Benjamin Bachman, in exchange for 85 acres of land. George H. Church attained the property in 1897, and in turn sold it to Thomas N. Taylor in 1898. Taylor bestowed the home upon his son, T. Sterling, as a wedding present in the year 1915. The house remains in the family to this day.</p><br>
<h2>Thomas N. Taylor</h2><br>
<p>Thomas N. Taylor was born in 1868 in Provo, Utah, the son of George Taylor Sr. and Eliza Nicholls Taylor. His father, George Taylor Sr., had founded the Taylor furniture store in 1866, which was the first furniture store in Provo. The company continued to grow, and eventually became incorporated as Taylor Brothers furniture in Provo. Thomas&#39; education consisted of attending Provo schools and eventually Brigham Young Academy (now university). He married Maud Rogers in the L.D.S. Manti temple in the year 1889. Thomas was a political man. He was mayor of Provo from 1900 to 1903, and a candidate for governor of Utah as a democrat in 1920, although he did not win the election.</p><br>
<p>Thomas was also active in his religion. A prominent member of the L.D.S. faith, Taylor served as bishop of the Provo Third Ward for nineteen years and subsequently served as president of the Utah Stake for twenty years. Taylor also served as a stake patriarch within the LDS church. Also active within the community, Thomas was a member of the board of trustees of Brigham Young University and served as chairman of that group and of the University of Utah Board of Regents. Taylor also helped to establish the Utah Valley Hospital. Thomas Taylor died in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The Red Brick School is an historic school building on Warren Street in Wiscasset, Maine, United States. Built in 1807 as a subscription-funded secondary school, it served in that role until 1923. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in October 1970. It now houses an art gallery.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Red Brick School stands in a residential area northwest of Wiscasset&#39;s small commercial center, at the northeast corner of Warren and Hodge Streets. It is a two-story masonry structure, with brick walls, a hip roof topped by a cupola, and a foundation of fieldstone capped by granite slabs. The south-facing front wall is laid in Flemish bond, while the sides and rear are laid in common bond. The front is three bays wide, with windows set in segmented-arch openings topped by brick headers, and a center entrance set in a simple rectangular opening with a small square window to the left. The interior has retained some original finishes despite undergoing alterations for different uses in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The area that is now Wiscasset was settled in the 17th century, and was part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, which mandated education for its inhabitants. The earliest known classes were held in the meeting house of Pownalborough, which Wiscasset was part of, and then in a district school house built in 1792. Since the district school only provided primary education, the present school building was constructed in 1807 by private subscription to provide secondary education. This private school operated until 1848, and another opened in the building in 1854, running until 1923. The building thereafter housed a local American Legion chapter, and served as a local polling place, before being converted into a studio and gallery space in 1958.</p><br>
<p>The Bluemont Historic District comprises the historic core of Bluemont, Virginia. The town is located on the eastern side of Snickers Gap, with the majority of the district fronting on the Snickersville Turnpike, also designated Virginia State Route 734. The district includes 43 buildings, of which 36 are houses, five are commercial structure, a church and a community center. The oldest structure in Bluemont is Clayton Hall , a large stone house. The Amos Clayton farm was located at the junction of Routes 734 and 760, now in the center of town. Relatively few pre-Civil War structures remain in Bluemont. Apart from Clayton Hall, the most significant is the Bluemont Methodist Church .</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Most of the district&#39;s houses date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The completion of the Washington and Old Dominion Railroad line in 1900 to Bluemont brought prosperity and growth to the town. Two hotels, the Loudoun House Hotel (1900) and the Blue Ridge Inn (1904), served summer visitors to the mountaintop town.</p><br>
<p>The Bluemont Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1984.</p><br>
<p>Benton, also known as Spring Hill, is a house in Loudoun County, Virginia, near Middleburg. The house was built by William Benton, a brickmaker and builder, around 1831. Benton had made a journey to Wales to collect an inheritance shortly after 1822 and there saw a house that he admired and wished to replicate on his own lands. He called the house "Spring Hill."</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two-story house is a Federal style structure with five bays and a center hall. Wings of three bays flank the main block. The first floor windows have been altered from six-over-six sash windows to French windows with sills close to the floor. The main entrance features double doors with sidelights and a fanlight above, which are also twentieth century alterations. The present entry replaced a small portico. The center second floor window was probably changed at this time as well, along with the dormers on the wings. The rear elevation is closer to the original. The interior is one room deep with large rooms flanking the center hall, which contains the stairs. The interior woodwork is largely original and is noteworthy.</p><br>
<p>The house has several dependencies, including flanking outbuildings. The west dependency, called the "laundry house," is a -story brick building with two bays, a center chimney and an end chimney. The smaller east dependency may have been a smokehouse. The property features a large 33 ft by 110 ft brick barn of three stories, with an attached tenant house.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Benton continued to work as a brickmaker and builder after the construction of the house, and was employed by James Madison among others. The Bentons retained the property until 1894, when it was purchased by Joshua Hatcher, who sold to Daniel Sands in 1908. Sands undertook renovations, established extensive gardens and changed the name to "Benton." Sands bought surrounding acreage and established a prominent horse farm on the property. The house and 13 acre were sold to Mr. and Mrs. James Nicklin in 1954, who sold to Mr. and Mrs. William T. Leith in 1961.</p><br>
<p>Benton was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The East Capitol Car Barn, also known as The Car Barn Condominiums, is an historic building, located at 1400 East Capitol Street, Northeast, Washington, D.C., in the Capitol Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Romanesque Revival building was designed by Waddy Butler Wood in 1896.</p><br>
<p>It was built as a part of the conversion of Streetcars in Washington, D.C. to electric traction.</p><br>
<p>In 1962, it was used to store buses.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the DC Transit Company was acquired by Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, and the building was vacant.</p><br>
<p>A private developer purchased the property and developed it into condominiums.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 5, 1974.</p><br>
<p>St. John Chrysostom Church, also known as the Episcopal Church of St. John Chrysostom and the Little Red Church on the Hill, is a wooden Episcopal church built in 1852 in Delafield, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. In 1972 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>St. John&#39;s is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee. Its current rector is the Rev. Philip J. Cunningham. In 2020, it reported 95 members and 88 average attendance, with $112,495 plate and pledge.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>St Johns was built from 1851 to 1853, a wooden structure with Gothic Revival style typified in the vertical emphasis and the pointed arches on the openings. Local tradition holds that Robert Ralston Cox, a founder of the congregation, designed the church, but Richard Perrin, an architectural historian, argues that the design is based on one from Richard Upjohns book Upjohns Rural Architecture: Designs, Working Drawings, and Specifications for Wooden Church, and other Rural Structures. Perrin observes that the shape and size of the main structure, the location of pulpit, organ and choir stalls inside, the triple window, and the detail of the interior woodwork are all very close to Upjohns design. The only major difference is that Upjohn included a tower on the church, whereas St. John&#39;s has the bell house as a freestanding structure. Some of the ornamental detail also was added by local craftsmen. Carpenter Alden Kelly added the bargeboards with incised designs and the rood screen inside the church. Blacksmith Jacob Luther forged the wrought-iron hinges to suggest tree branches.</p><br>
<p>James DeKoven served as the parish&#39;s first rector from 1855 until 1859. Bishop Jackson Kemper consecrated the building on May 20, 1856. On February 23, 1972, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Notable previous clergy include Arthur Anton Vogel, fifth bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of West Missouri, who served as rector from 1953 to 1957.</p><br>
<p>Much Haddam is a Federal style brick house, built about 1820 just outside Middleburg, Virginia by Richard Cochran. The two-story brick house is located on the Ashby&#39;s Gap Turnpike, near the west end of Middleburg, and is a prominent landmark to those approaching Middleburg from the west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cochran built Much Haddam on lands next to his property, which he called "Capitol Hill." The house was apparently a speculative venture, since Cochran sold it immediately upon completion to William Swart. Swart sold the house to William F. Broaddus in 1835, who sold it on to Mary P. Waugh in 1840. Waugh sold in 1866 to Robert C. Leechman, followed by several more owners. In 1966 the house was purchased by Emily N. K. Church Hutchinson, who named the house Much Haddam.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Much Haddam is a five-bay center-hall house. The two-story brick house stands on a prominent stone basement when seen from the downhill side of its sloping site. The roof is standing seam metal. An ell from the rear was originally one story, but was raised to two stories at the beginning of the twentieth century. The ell once had a log extension, which has disappeared. The grounds include an unusual two-story kitchen outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>Much Haddam was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 28, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Provo West Co-op is a mercantile institution and also the name of its historic building in Provo, Utah. The Early Commercial-style building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as "Provo West Co-op".</p><br>
<h2>Provo West Cooperative Mercantile Institution</h2><br>
<p>Built to encourage trading among the Latter Day Saints, the Provo West Co-op was one of the first stores built in the city under the cooperative merchandising movement sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints of the late 1800s. Provo West Co-op was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on March 21, 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Cooperative Trading</h2><br>
<p>The City of Provo was settled by members of the LDS church in the year 1849. At this time, the members of the town subsisted primarily through agriculture. Most material goods were transported from Salt Lake City to Provo, where they were exchanged for food. In 1853, Andrew J. Stewart opened Provo&#39;s first store inside of his home. In 1869, the store that he later built on Center Street in the City of Provo became the Provo West Co-op.</p><br>
<p>Profits for merchants in Utah were doing fairly high at this time during the 1860s. However, the farmers and the LDS church, who subsisted through agriculture did not receive much of a profit, if any. Subsequently, they began to resent the merchants for their success. Brigham Young, President of the LDS church at that time instructed members to "Cease paying exorbitant prices demanded by disinterested persons...and hundreds of thousands of dollars may be saved annually by the saints." In an attempt to lower the price of flour for the saints, the Utah Produce Co. was organized under church leadership. It was hoped that the produce company would be able to secure all of the grain in the area, and then control the price of flour by monopoly. The effort did not last long and eventually failed. With the railroad on its way toward Utah, many members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, feared that the situation would only be made worse, with more outsiders making even greater profits off of the Mormons.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Samuel S. Jones and David John were the first to take action towards building a cooperative trading store. In December 1868, plans were drawn up for the store. Subscriptions at the time of the meeting amounted to $5,000 at the time, and by the end of the month totalled $17,000. The original place and merchandise for the new Cooperative store was purchased from H.W. Lawrence, who sold his goods at cost ($22,880.34), and his building worth $10,400 for $10,000. This store eventually became known as the “East Co-op.”</p><br>
<p>It was then proposed that the women of the Relief Society (The women&#39;s organization within the LDS church) take a part in the cooperative system. The women agreed, and on March 24, 1869, they held a meeting to discuss how they might best assist the program. Although originally they had thought to build four stores, one for each ward in Provo, during the meeting they agreed that they would begin with one until sufficient capital was gained to expand. They purchased the building built in 1869 by Andrew Stewart on Center Street, and Samuel S. Jones was made manager. Although originally referred to as the “Female Store” and the “Women’s Co-op,” the store eventually became known as the “West Co-op.”</p><br>
<p>After the completion of the Cooperative trading system in Provo, Brigham Young was able to convince Salt Lake city merchants to cooperate with the system. As a result, the Zion&#39;s Cooperative Mercantile Institution (Z.C.M.I.) was put into operation, and goods were able to be purchased there and sold from the Provo Stores.</p><br>
<h3>Success</h3><br>
<p>Both the East and West Cooperative Mercantile Institutions experienced financial success. The West more so than the East, as its goods were purchased at a lower rate due to them being transported on the railroad. After approximately three months of running, profits totalled $254.15. Dividends paid out were between twenty and thirty percent.</p><br>
<p>Wanting to follow in these store&#39;s footsteps, more new cooperatives were developed in Provo, such as the Cooperative Boot and Shoe Store, Pottery, Woolen Mills, Meat Market, Grist Mill, Bricks, Stock-herd, Drug Store, and a Clothing and Tailoring Store.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The building is Early Commercial in style. It is a two-story flat-roofed building with a brick exterior. The interior core, of wood and adobe was built around 1866. Its brick exterior was added around 1890 by the Provo West Co-op before it went out of business.</p><br>
<p>A two-story painted brick building, the Provo West Co-op is in relatively good condition today. The inside of the Co-op consists of wood and adobe. One bay deep and three bays wide, Tuscan columns built on pedestals surround the entryway, and the Victorian Eclectic style detail is evident in the double hung sash windows on the second floor. Dentils and consoles are symmetrically aligned on the cornice. Although changes have been made and the building does not retain its original integrity, it still preserves much of the character of the buildings of the late 1800s.</p><br>
<p>The Recreation Center For the Utah State Hospital is a historic amphitheater in eastern Provo, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The facility is located at 1300 East Center Street on the grounds of the Utah State Hospital (a mental hospital operated by the Utah Department of Human Services). It is believed to be one of the first and largest amphitheaters built in the state.</p><br>
<p>The recreation center covers three acres, seating 800 within its amphitheater and attached interior rooms. The amphitheater itself is set against the hillside next to the hospital. "It is constructed almost entirely of stone, as are the attached rooms and two-story towers at the southeast and northwest corners. The towers and the “battlements” of various sections of railing give the structure a castle-like appearance. Attached to the tower at the southeast corner is a large interior room with a fireplace, and above, on its flat roof, is another fireplace and an open-air area for social gatherings. Stone ramps at both the north and south sides provide access to the amphitheater from the grass play area at the base of the facility (Historic Preservation Research Office p. 2).”</p><br>
<p>The man responsible for drawing up the plans and supervising the work on site is Lavar S. Morris. Despite plans to eventually build additional recreational facilities on site, such as tennis courts, a handball court, and picturesque gardens, the recreation center remains the only recreational facility near the hospital.</p><br>
<p>For nearly three decades (1971-1997) the facility was the site of the annual Haunted Castle during the Halloween season. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places April 9, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Historical significance</h2><br>
<p>During the time of the great depression, the State of Utah was hit hard economically; harder than most of the states. The state had an unemployment rate of 36 percent in 1933, which was the fourth highest in the country. The unemployment rate averaged 25 percent over eight years, between 1932 and 1940. Due to this crisis, and the fact that Utah was worse off than other states, Utah received more federal assistance than many other states. Per capita federal spending in Utah in the 1930s was 9th highest among the 48 states.</p><br>
<p>Many public buildings were built with the funds now provided by the national government. This recreation center is historically significant because it represents and helps document the impact of New Deal programs enforced by the federal government during this time of crisis. The structure was built in 1936–37.</p><br>
<p>Fleetwood Farm, also known as Peggys Green, is a Federal style house in Loudoun County, Virginia. The house is conjectured to have been built around 1775 by William Ellzey, a lawyer originally from Virginias Tidewater region. Ellzey, as a member of the gentry, was a participant in Loudoun County&#39;s pre-Revolutionary activities. His signature is recorded on the Resolves for Independence that were the result of a public meeting held on June 14, 1774, in Loudoun County. In 1784 Ellzey owned eighteen slaves, fifteen horses, and twenty cattle. He was prominent in other aspects of public life, serving as deputy clerk of the court in 1749. Thus as a member of one of the wealthier families in the county, Ellzey built his home in the style that was popular with men of his standing. He died on February 14, 1796; on May 3, 1796, the property was bequeathed to Albert Russell, husband of Ann Harris Frances Ellzey.</p><br>
<p>The house is an unusual example of post-and-beam construction in a region where stone or brick construction is more usual. The house is a 2-1/2 story post-and-beam framed structure on a stone foundation and basement. The frame is infilled with brick nogging and covered with weatherboarding. The weatherboards are covered with stucco. The main block is three bays with a small entry porch supported by Tuscan columns. A one-story frame addition extends to the west. The interior was originally arranged on a side-passage plan, which has since been altered. The house features extensive wainscoting. The main parlor features full-height paneling. A second wing was added in 1984. The stucco is believed to have been installed in the 1930s or 1940s. A dining room is also accessed from the side hall. The second floor of the main house has two bedrooms.</p><br>
<p>The property includes three contributing outbuildings: a smokehouse, springhouse and barn. The house and outbuildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 1, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Old McCulloch County Jail is located in Brady, McCulloch County, in the USA state of Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in McCulloch County, Texas in 1975, and became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1976. In 1963, the Texas Historical Commission designated the geographical center of Texas as being located 5 mi northwest of Brady. The old jail became the Heart of Texas Historical Museum in 1974. A granite monument to the center of Texas can be found on the grounds of the McCulloch County Courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What is known as the Old McCulloch County Jail is actually the second structure to serve as the county jail. The first jail was built soon after the countys 1876 official organization, the structure having been completed in 1878. The construction on the first jail proved to be of poor quality, and McCullochs prisoners were eventually incarcerated in Mason and San Saba. A new facility was approved by the Commissioner&#39;s Court in 1908, and completed in 1910 at a cost of $14,418.75. Construction of the three-story, red brick Richardson Romanesque facility was done by Southern Structural Steel Company of San Antonio. The second floor housed the prisoners, while the first floor served as living quarters for the sheriff and his family, or for the deputies. The third floor consists of twin towers. The underside of the third floor had a hanging ring, with a second floor trap door to facilitate death by hanging. In both 1936 and 1938, Brady Creek (San Saba River) overflowed its banks and caused the living quarters to be flooded. When the county decided to build a newer facility in 1974, this jail became known as the Old McCulloch County Jail.</p><br>
<h2>Heart of Texas Historical Museum</h2><br>
<p>The old jail now houses the Heart of Texas Historical Museum. In 1974, McCulloch County built a new jail, and the non-profit Heart of Texas Historical Museum, Inc purchased the old jail for $5.00 Restoration of the old jail was completed by 1976 with private donations and matching funds from the State of Texas. The museum received its own Recorded Texas Historic Landmark status in 1976, separate from the RTHL designated to the old jail.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Wentz House is a historic building located in northern downtown Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Built sometime between 1866 and 1870, the Wentz home is reminiscent of the Federal row-house design predominantly found in the Eastern United States. The Peter Wentz House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on April 26, 1996. Although located across the street (North University Avenue) from the historic Brigham Young Academy (now Provo City Library), it is immediately surrounded on all sides by modern condominiums.</p><br>
<h3>Structure</h3><br>
<p>The Peter Wentz House is a two-story salt-box residence built on a foundation of cobblestone. The exterior cornice of the home boasts crown molding trim, however the rest of the outward appearance of the home is quite plain. Two fireplaces still exist in the home, and the home also contains a stone cellar. The Wentz home is one room wide and two stories tall. The front facade of the home is symmetrical. All bays have wooden sills and lintels. The house remains functional and structurally sound.</p><br>
<h3>Peter Mastin Wentz</h3><br>
<p>Born on July 3, of 1831 in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, Peter Wentz was born into Methodist lifestyle. He was one of eight children to his mother, Mercy Green. His father, also named Peter, was a Methodist minister. His family eventually encountered turmoil, due to the death of Peter&#39;s mother and the failure of finances within the family. Still in his youth, Peter had to leave home and education behind, apprenticing as a boot and shoemaker.</p><br>
<p>In his twentieth year, Peter Wentz embraced the beliefs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), converting into the religion. Desiring to be a part of the main mass of members of the church at that time, Wentz travelled to Nauvoo, Illinois then to St. Louis, Missouri, and eventually walked the long trail to Salt Lake City, Utah. Years later, in 1871, Peter served as a missionary for the church in New York.</p><br>
<p>In the year 1857, Peter Wentz settled down in the city of Provo, where he employed himself in the boot and shoe business. For the next several year, Wentz carried goods, traded goods, and prospected in the state of Montana. Wentz married a woman by the name of Minerva Boren in 1864, and with her parented nine kids.</p><br>
<p>Wentz continued on to be a great asset to the Provo community. Serving on the Provo City Council for ten years, serving as a Justice of the Peace, and serving as director and secretary of the Provo Bench Corral and Irrigation Company for sixteen years. He also continued to serve in the LDS Church, as the first bishop in the Timpanogas Ward, a position in which he served for eighteen years.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The John R. Twelves House is a historic house located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>John R. Twelves House</h2><br>
<p>This home, located at 287 East 100 North, was built in 1906 by John R. Twelves. John R. Twelves was a central figure in Utahs history, being involved in the Grand Central Mining Company and serving as Utah Countys treasurer and recorder. The John R. Twelves House was designated to the Provo City Historic Landmarks Registry on April 26, 1996.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 1911 this was the residence of George H. Brimhall the president of Brigham Young University at the time.</p><br>
<p>Since 2005, the Twelves House has been the home of independent filmmaker Richard Dutchers Main Street Movie Company, a motion picture production and distribution company. The 9 foot marble sculpture of Jesus, which dominates the front lawn, is a prop which plays prominently in Dutchers film Falling.</p><br>
<h3>The Victorian Mansions of Provo</h3><br>
<p>"Constructed between 1893 and 1908 in Provo, Utah, these Victorian mansions reflect the wealth and personality of Utahs most successful entrepreneurs of the time. These mansions include the Charles E. Loose House, the William H. Ray House, the Knight-Allen House, the John R. Twelves House, the Jesse Knight House, the Knight-Mangum House, and the Thomas N. Taylor House. "Built during the turn of the century from 1893 to 1908, the domestic residences of Provos prominent entrepreneurs reflect the wealth, power, and aesthetic taste of their owners and of Americas Gilded Age. Larger in size, more complicated in their massing, and ornate in their detailing than the typical residences of Provo, these houses are the Victorian mansions of the city. All derive from the high style popular at the end of the nineteenth century: Eastlake, Italianate, Shingle, Craftsman, Moorish, and the Classical, Romanesque and Colonial Revivals. Although the high styles are of a purer form in these houses than is usually found in Provo, an eclectic attitude still dominates with several styles often being combined into one residence. Characteristic of all these buildings is a compactness and a low earth-hugging quality, which is typical of Provos architecture but antithetical to the optimistic verticality of Salt Lakes Victorian buildings. As is true of the majority of Provos residences, these houses are made primarily of brick, including elaborate ornamental coursing and trim. The Victorian fascination with a variety of rich materials is visible only in the use of masonry in the foundations, lintels and arches of these buildings and in the extensive use of leaded and stained glass in the windows. Some of the most ornate fenestration to be found in Provo is contained in these buildings. In comparison to the buildings in Salt Lake City, these Victorian mansions are modest in size, style, and materials, but are more reflective of the high styles than those generally found in Utah&#39;s small towns such as Manti or Spring City (National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form)."</p><br>
<h3>Jesse Knight and The Tintic Mining Industry</h3><br>
<p>The successful commercial mining of precious metals and minerals transformed Utah&#39;s economy from basically an agrarian base to a more industrialized state. Within this development the Tintic Mining District, located approximately thirty miles southwest of Provo, was founded in 1869 and by 1899 became the leading mining center in Utah with a value of output placed at $5 million. A central figure in Tintic success was Jesse Knight and the Knight family who resided in Provo.</p><br>
<p>Jesse Knight attained wealth with his Humbug mine in the mid-1890s. The large silver producer allowed Knight to develop other mines in the East Tintic area. Knightsville grew around the workings and became touted as the only saloon-free, prostitute-free, privately owned mining camp in the USA His strict adherence to doctrines of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints made the town one inhabited primarily by members of that church. "Knight began to expand and diversify as mining in Tintic burgeoned. The Knight smelters at Silver City, power plant in Santaquin Canyon, Narrow gauge railway circumventing the district, Tintic drain tunnel projet, and the Knight dry farm all represented vast investments and profits (National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form)."</p><br>
<p>"With financial success Knight expanded with the result of securing coordination of his holdings and placing responsibility on family members by organizing the Knight Investment Company. This corporation included the Bonneville Mining company, Knight Woolen Mills (located in Provo), Ellison Ranching Company (Nevada), Spring Canyon Coal Company (Carbon County, Utah), and Savings Bank (Provo), Layton Sugar Company, American-Columbian Corporation, Springville-Mapleton Sugar Company, and the Tintic Drain Tunnel Company (National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form)." John R. Twelves acquired a large amount of wealth from the mining business as well. As secretary-treasurer of the Grand Central Mining Company Twelves prospered as the stock for Grand Central rose. In 1902, Twelves had attained enough money to fund his home.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as part of a multiple property submission that nominated seven and listed six Provo houses. The listed houses are the Knight-Mangum House, this, the John R. Twelves House, the Jesse Knight House, the Knight-Allen House, the William H. Ray House, and the Thomas N. Taylor House. The seventh, the Charles E. Loose House, was determined to be NRHP-eligible but was not NRHP-listed due to owner objection.</p><br>
<p>The De Anza Motor Lodge was a historic motel located on former USA Route 66 in the Upper Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was built in 1939 by Charles G. Wallace, a local trader of Zuni art and pottery, who remained the owner until 1983. Wallace decorated the motel with a variety of Native American art, including a series of murals by Zuni artist Tony Edaakie in a basement room.</p><br>
<p>The motel was purchased by the city of Albuquerque in 2003 and remained vacant while various renovation proposals fell through. Ultimately, the city approved a plan to redevelop the site with mostly new construction, and all but two smaller buildings were demolished in 2017–18. The De Anza was replaced by a new apartment complex preserving some historic elements including the two surviving buildings, the neon sign, and the Zuni murals.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Garrett Wallace came to New Mexico in 1919 to work for the Ilfeld Company, where he became a prominent trader with the people of Zuni Pueblo. In the 1930s, with trade suffering due to the Depression, Wallace saw the influx of tourists on Route 66 as an opportunity to expand his business. He partnered with Tucson entrepreneur S.D. Hambaugh to build a motel on East Central, which they named the De Anza Motor Lodge after Juan Bautista de Anza, a Spanish governor of New Mexico. The motel opened in 1939 with 30 rooms. Soon thereafter, Wallace bought out Hambaugh to become the sole owner.</p><br>
<p>Wallace expanded and remodeled the De Anza after World War II, removing most of the Pueblo Revival elements to give the motel a more modern appearance. The number of rooms increased to 55 and then 67. A cafe called the Turquoise Room, featuring a terrazzo floor inlaid with turquoise and silver pieces, and a basement conference room were also added.</p><br>
<p>Wallace sold the De Anza in 1983 and died ten years later. The motel changed hands several times and eventually went out of business. In 2002, a proposal by Albertsons to raze the De Anza caught the attention of the city, which began looking at ways to save the property and ultimately bought it for $891,000 in July 2003. However, two different renovation projects fell apart over the next ten years as the motel continued to deteriorate. In 2017, the city approved a redevelopment project which would turn the property into a hotel and apartment complex of substantially new construction, preserving only a few pieces of the historic motel. The project proceeded in 2017–18 with most of the De Anza being razed. Two smaller buildings were preserved, along with the motel sign and the Zuni murals.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 2003 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. In 2012, it was designated a Historic Landmark by the city of Albuquerque.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The De Anza site occupies a full city block at the northwest corner of Central Avenue and Washington Street. Prior to the 2017–18 demolitions, the motel consisted of six one-story lodging buildings arranged in a U shape around a courtyard with a pair of two-story buildings set one in front of the other at the center. The front-most building, containing the office and manager&#39;s residence, had a projecting porte-cochère and adjacent swimming pool. The rear building contained additional lodging units. The Turquoise Room coffee shop was situated at the southwest corner of the complex. The office, front part of the central lodging building, and the two peripheral buildings on either side dated to the 1930s and were of frame construction, while the other buildings were concrete block and were added in the 1950s. The older buildings were remodeled at the same time, removing many of the original Pueblo Revival details to give a regional vernacular appearance.</p><br>
<p>Douglass High School or Douglass Alternate school was built in 1941 in what was then a rural area just outside Leesburg, Virginia as the first high school for African-American students in Loudoun County. The school was built on land purchased by the black community for $4,000 and conveyed to the county for $1. It was the only high school for African-American students until the end of segregation in Loudoun County in 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Douglass High School is a one-story brick building, originally of 9,400 ft&sup2;. The plan is centered on a commons area that functioned as a gymnasium, cafeteria and auditorium, flanked by two classrooms on either side. Large windows light and ventilate the spaces. A large stage area is directly opposite the main entrance, which opens directly into the commons area from a vestibule. Classrooms were added on the rear of the building, followed by a gymnasium in 1960. A vocational wing lies to the west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Until 1941, the only secondary educational facility available to African-American students in Loudoun County was the upper level of the Loudoun County Training School. The frame structure offered a limited curriculum in an unsafe building. During the late 1930s the black community in Loudoun County organized fundraiser events to purchase 8 acre of land on the east side of Leesburg from W.S. Gibbons. The property was conveyed to Loudoun County for $1 on December 16, 1940. After threats of legal action, the school board approved a measure to borrow $30,000 from the State Literary Fund of Virginia to build the school. A bid from the Taylor Manufacturing Company of Farmville, Virginia was approved for $35,438. The school opened in September 1941. The school was named for African-American abolitionist Frederick Douglass at the request of the community organizers. Since a bare minimum of furnishings were provided by the county, more private donations were sought to more fully furnish the school. With desegregation in 1968 the building became a middle school, then a special education and alternative school.</p><br>
<p>Douglass High School was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 24, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Ebenezer Baptist Churches are two Baptist churches in Loudoun County, Virginia, the "Old Ebenezer Church," built before 1769, and the "New Ebenezer Church," built about 1855. The churches are associated with corresponding old and new cemeteries.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Old Ebenezer Church was originally known as Butcher&#39;s Meeting House or Ebenezer Meeting House. The church is mentioned in the 1769 will of Samuel Butcher Sr. as already existing. However, some doubt appears to exist concerning whether the present "old church" is that mentioned in the will, as meeting minutes from 1804 to 1806 describe "finishing the meeting house." Ebenezer Church was organized in 1804 by nine members of the Goose Creek Baptist Church and eight members of the Ketoctin Baptist Church. By the 1830s a schism had developed among Baptists concerning church practices, with "New School Baptists" opposing "Old School" or "Primitive Baptists." By 1834 the congregation had split into these two camps, but both continued to use the church. A fire in 1855 may have spurred the construction of a new church for the New School congregation immediately adjacent to the old church.</p><br>
<p>The Ebenezer Baptist Churches were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1994.</p><br>
<p>EbenezerChurches rear old-new.jpg</p><br>
<p>EbenezerChurchesPlaque.jpg</p><br>
<p>EbenezerChurches_old.jpg</p><br>
<p>The McCulloch County Courthouse is located in Brady, McCulloch County, in the USA state of Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in McCulloch County, Texas in 1977, and became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1967.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This is the second courthouse to serve McCulloch County. The first county building was erected in 1879. The current courthouse was completed in 1900, and the datestone was laid by the Brady Lodge of the Freemasons on September 29, 1899. Martin & Moodie of Comanche are listed as the builders, with no separate name for an architect. When the decision was made in 1899 to erect a new courthouse, Martin & Moodie submitted their proposal and were awarded the contract. The new three-story sandstone courthouse was in the Richardson Romanesque style, and bears some semblance to the style of architect James Riely Gordon. While the clock tower has areas designed for a clock on each of the four sides, no clock is installed. The courthouse underwent a renovation in 2009, part of which gave the structure a red roof. In both 1936 and 1938, Brady Creek (San Saba River) overflowed its banks and caused flooding in and around the courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Heart of Texas monument</h2><br>
<p>In 1963, the Texas Historical Commission designated the geographical center of Texas as being located 5 mi northwest of Brady. On the courthouse grounds is a Heart of Texas granite marker designed by Earl V. Finlay. The actual carving and inscription were done in 1958 by Brady native son Gary Bryson. Funding for the 7 ft monument was provided by the Brady Chamber of Commerce and the McCulloch County Commissioners&#39; Court.</p><br>
<p>The I.O.O.F. and Barker Buildings were a pair of historic commercial buildings located in downtown Mount Vernon, Indiana, United States. Constructed at the end of the nineteenth century, the two were once prominent examples of Victorian architecture in the city.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The I.O.O.F. and Barker Buildings were architecturally similar: both were brick buildings with stone trim, and both featured significant Italianate elements, seen most distinctively in their cornices. Few elements of other styles were apparent on the Barker Building, but the I.O.O.F. Building featured the prominent and large rounded window arches common to the Romanesque Revival style. However, the two were easily distinguished by their sizes: the I.O.O.F. was three and a half stories tall with a four-story tower on the corner, and eight bays wide, while the Barker comprised just two stories, and it was only three bays wide.</p><br>
<p>The front of the I.O.O.F. was largely glass: all the bays featured large windows except for the doorway, which was itself illuminated by a transom light, multiple sidelights, and glass panelling in the door itself. Topping each bay were large windows with massive Romanesque Revival arches, which were sometimes seen as creating the appearance of an arcade; the windows of lower floors varied from narrow slits on the southernmost bays of the first floor to large windows with stone lintels in all bays of the second story. Crowning the building was a fourth-story tower, which sat above the front corner: built with a stone cap and stone corners, similar to the pilasters of the first story, it featured a very un-Romanesque ornamental balustrade.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the citys oldest fraternal organization, the lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows is one of Mount Vernons most prominent civic groups. By the late 1890s, the lodge was sufficiently wealthy to purchase land near the county courthouse in downtown Mount Vernon and to erect a substantial commercial building on the site. The resulting structure was not used exclusively for fraternal purposes: local businesses and offices used the first and second stories respectively, and the Odd Fellows retained only the third floor for their meetings.</p><br>
<p>Eight years before the construction of the I.O.O.F. Building, Hiram Barker purchased an adjacent lot, but he did nothing with it for several years; around the same time that the Odd Fellows were building their new lodge, he too arranged for the construction of a building. For many years, the primary occupants of the Barker Building were various attorneys, while the leading tenant of the I.O.O.F. building was the Peoples Bank and Trust Company. At the time of its founding in 1907, it was one of three banks in the city, but mergers ultimately led to the amalgamation of both other firms under the Peoples Bank.</p><br>
<p>As Mount Vernons only bank, the Peoples Bank began running out of room in the mid-20th century. Finding the Barker Building for sale, the bank purchased it in 1967 and modified the two buildings by removing the walls that separated them, allowing the bank&#39;s main lobby to be a single room inside both buildings. Besides this modification, the two buildings remained much as they had been constructed into the late years of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>Due to the physical merger of the two buildings by People&#39;s Bank, architectural historians deemed the Barker and I.O.O.F. Buildings to have become one bank. Because of their historically significant architecture and the lack of changes (other than the physical merger) to the building(s) since construction, they were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in late 1985. Besides their historically important architecture, the two buildings also qualified for inclusion on the National Register because of their leading place in local history.</p><br>
<p>Despite their historic designation, the Barker and I.O.O.F. Buildings are no longer standing; the prosperity of the downtown business district led the bank that owned the buildings to destroy them in the 1990s and to erect a new bank building on the site. In 2003, much of downtown Mount Vernon was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register as the Mount Vernon Downtown Historic District. The site of the I.O.O.F. and Barker Buildings was included within the boundaries of the district, but due to the recent age of the new building on the site, it was deemed a non-contributing property. Despite their destruction, the Barker and I.O.O.F. Buildings remained on the National Register for more than a decade, like the surrounding downtown neighborhood and the courthouse square across the street. They were finally removed from the National Register on December 15, 2011.</p><br>
<p>Cameron Park, now Forest Park, is a historic neighborhood just west of downtown Raleigh, North Carolina, one of three suburbs platted in the early 20th century. It’s one of Raleigh’s most affluent neighborhoods. Governor Roy Cooper has a home there as well as the state’s attorney general Josh Stein and N.C. State’s chancellor Randy Woodson. Development began along Hillsborough Street and moved north; a streetcar line along Hillsborough made the location especially appealing and convenient. Cameron Park&#39;s developers used restrictive deed covenants that set minimum house prices, created setbacks from the street, and excluded African Americans from living in the neighborhood . Advertisements for Cameron Park openly recruited socially ambitious upper-middle class residents to the neighborhood, and land and house values were significantly higher than those of other early suburbs.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is architecturally varied, featuring Queen Anne and Colonial Revivals, large bungalows, and more eclectic styles like Georgian Revival, Tudor Revival, and Mission Revival. Despite the stylistic variety, houses were uniformly large and upscale for the era. Cameron Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 as a national historic district. It encompasses 274 contributing buildings and was originally developed between about 1910 and 1935.</p><br>
<p>In December 2022 the residents of Cameron Park neighborhood submitted an addendum to the National Register of Historic Places entry to reflect the new name of Forest Park.</p><br>
<p>The Roanoke Park Historic District a national historic district located at Raleigh, North Carolina. It is one of the city&#39;s historic Five Points neighborhoods and encompasses 446 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site. It is situated southeast of the Five Points intersection of Glenwood Avenue and Fairview and Whitaker Mill Roads. Roanoke Park is composed of six separate plats, filed from 1913 to 1926, and is roughly shaped like a diamond.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, houses with American Craftsman detailing, such as bungalows and American Foursquares, constitute the majority of the neighborhood. However, some of the oldest houses in Five Points are located in Roanoke Park, and these homes employ more vernacular styles, including Greek Revival, side-gabled Triple-A cottages, and narrow shotgun houses, particularly along Sunrise Avenue.</p><br>
<p>Developers created the neighborhoods namesake Roanoke Park subdivision in 1922. Its promoters appealed to white first-time homebuyers and boasted about the suburbs location next to Hayes Barton, an upper-class neighborhood also in Five Points. This section of the neighborhood centers on a park and includes the largest period revival houses.</p><br>
<p>Roanoke Park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as a Historic District.</p><br>
